Is It Safe to Drink Urine

You might be surprised by all the reasons that someone would drink their own or another persons urine. But is it safe? That depends on a few factors. Reasons People Drink Urine Ingesting urine, or urophagia, is a practice dating back to ancient man. Reasons for drinking urine include attempted survival, ceremonial purposes, sexual practices, and alternative medicine. Medical reasons include teeth whitening, fertility treatments, hormone therapy, and prevention or treatment of cancer, arthritis, allergies, and other diseases. Is Drinking Urine  Safe? Drinking a small amount of urine, particularly your own, isnt likely to be significantly hazardous to your health, but  there are risks associated with drinking urine: Bacterial Contamination While its unlikely you could catch a disease you didnt already have from your own urine, pathogens in urine or from the lining of the urethra could pose a health risk to others. High Mineral Content Urine is excreted from the body, so it makes sense that the salt and minerals arent something you need to put right back into your system. Urine is high in urea, sodium, potassium, and creatinine. If you are hydrated, these minerals wont harm you, but they can put stress on your kidneys if you dont have enough water in your blood to filter out the excess. Potential Drug Exposure Some drugs and their metabolites are excreted in urine, so drinking the urine from someone on medication could purposely or inadvertently dose the recipient. In some cultures, drinking the urine of a person who has ingested a drug is a way for others to experience the effects. Otherwise, urophagia could medicate a person who does not want or possibly cannot tolerate the drug or metabolite. In addition to drugs, trace amounts of hormones also are found in urine. Is Urine Sterile? Many people, including doctors and nurses, erroneously believe urine is sterile. This is because the negative test for bacteria in urine, developed by Edward Cass in the 1950s, sets a limit of allowable bacteria to help health professionals distinguish between normal flora and an infection. The test involves capturing midstream urine, or urine collected after a small amount of urination has flushed the urethra. A negative bacteria test for urine is any number less than 100,000 colony-forming bacteria per milliliter of urine, which is far from sterile. While all urine contains bacteria, the number and types of bacteria are different in a person with an infection. One argument against drinking urine is that bacteria from a healthy person may be fine in the urinary tract, yet infectious if ingested. Dont Drink Urine If Youre Dehydrated So, if you were dying of thirst, would it be OK to drink your own urine? Unfortunately, the answer is no. Drinking any liquid, including urine, may relieve the immediate sensation of thirst, but the sodium and other minerals in urine would make you more dehydrated, in much the same way as drinking sea water would. Some people drank their own urine in extreme survival situations and lived to tell the tale, but even the U.S. military advises personnel against it. In a survival situation, you can use your urine as a source of water by distilling it. The same technique can be used to purify water from perspiration or sea water.

The Psychology Of Art Dating - 1406 Words

Introduction Recent studies on psychology have allowed us to understand how individuals perceive and experience art. Although the psychology of art dating back before the 1600’s has been studied to an extent, psychologist have yet to truly understand contemporary art. The intentions of this research paper is to shed light on just some of the methodologies and connections contemporary artists may use in their work, and importantly, just how viewers interpret these details on a neurological and psychological scale. Several popular studies have been cited to explore various topics such as an artist’s style, name, the objects, colors and typography they choose to implement within their works and why. Typography and Color Chaos When examining paintings that depict colored typography, for example False Start by accomplished artist, Jasper John, there is an evident dissonance to the viewer. The type expresses the name of one color printed in the paint of another color, and to top it off, that very word is printed on a patch with a different color. Essentially, the entire painting is creating chaos with its meaning because the viewer isn’t sure whether they approach the painting by reading the text, viewing the color of the text, or viewing the patch of color which the text is placed on. False Start, 1959 by Jasper Johns At first, when a person does try to comprehend the painting, they tend to hesitate and think twice about making errors. This is because when viewing theShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Seinfeld1508 Words   |  6 PagesSeinfeld Examine the use of stereotypes in the representation of gender, race, and class. Investigate the way social situation is depicted? Describe how the psychology of the characters is simplified or exaggerated and why? Choose the object of analysis In Seinfeld stereotypes are used to show the reflections of different classes of people. 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Book Review War! What Is It Good For Free Essays

Putting 100 years in respective and compare the 100, 200 million people died from a population of 10 billion which makes a percentage of 1 to 2 who died violently. Those born in the 20th century are lucky as the average of violent death is 10 times less compare to those born in Stone Age. This text has one of the greatest paradoxes of human history as it states that war has made the world much safer now. We will write a custom essay sample on Book Review: War! What Is It Good For? or any similar topic only for you Order Now War Is considered as a massive murder and claiming that it has a positive consequence In not right, but the author argues to It as the philosopher Thomas Hobbes once concluded the same In the 1640 urine the English Call war. Archeology has shown that people has been killing themselves for about 50000 years and their population Just Increase by twice but during the Ice age 10000 BC where there were less wars, the plant and animal multiplied themselves at a very high rate. Before 10000 BC all humans had been hunters and after 10000 BC human started farming. Later something unusual happen, the stronger started to include the weaker into larger societies. Slowly from Egypt to Peru many were adopting this method. The stronger understood that to cake lager societies they need to make a stronger government and this was done by suppressing violence among the subjects. Those who govern stop killing the well behaved as they are easier to govern and taxed that those who are violent thus, this has resulted into a 90% decrease in violent death. It Is true that not all government is good at delivering peace. Dictators Like Heelers, Stall’s, Mass and Did Malls, tend to shoot, stave and gas a lot of people to make things done. Thus war has made states and states have made peace. War may not be a pleasant way of making larger and useful societies but it was the only way that human have found. The author argues that if conflicts could have been argued and resolved by discussion, human could have greatly benefited from it. The author added that people uses war as a way to make government. The larger and safer the societies the richer the government. Peace can result in economical growth. So in a way war has enriched the world. The author concluded that somehow war has been beneficial as it has brought bigger societies, stronger government and bring peace and prosperity in the societies. Nowadays, people live twice as those in 10000 years before. War has not Just bring peace and wealth but also made us good at fight more efficiently organized and bigger destructive weapons. Book Review: War! What Is It Good For? By perplex The atrocity of war cannot be overstated but, Ian Morris gives a different view about it. In 1945, mostly 100 million people died and the nuclear war begun. Between the First World War and civil war it is said to be the worst but also the best time of states that war has made the world much safer now. War is considered as a massive ruder and claiming that it has a positive consequence in not right, but the author argues to it as the philosopher Thomas Hobbes once concluded the same in the 1640 during the English Civil war. Archeology has shown that people has been killing themselves for about 50000 years and their population Just increase by twice but during the ice age 10000 BC where there were less wars, the plant and animal has resulted into a 90% decrease in violent death. It is true that not all government is good at delivering peace. Dictators like Hitless, Stalin, Mass and Did Mains, tend to How to cite Book Review: War! What Is It Good For?, Papers

Three Data Encryption Standards for WiMAX Networks- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theThree Data Encryption Standards for WiMAX Networks. Answer: Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol This is for the encryption of all the traffic on the network. This takes hold of the encapsulated mechanism which is for the confidentiality of the data. It is mainly to create and address the vulnerabilities which are presented by WEP (Taheri et al., 2017). The forms are set with the CCMP Medium Access Control Protocol to define the sections and the control through the incremented sets of the data packet. It also includes the reserving of the data confidentiality, authentication and the access control. It is mainly in conjunction with the layer management. The formats and the standards are for the theoretical strength of the key which is 2^n. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) For the proper management and easy transmission of the data in a secured manner. It makes use of the Wi-Fi and has a stronger encryption key management (Gautam et al., 2016). The advancement is based on handling the information technology with the blocking of the ciphers. This works on handling the different encryption packages with the access cipher that allows the secret information to be used in the NSA format to be approved with the cryptographic module. The algorithm can handle the evaluation based on the system standards. PKM-EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) This includes the functioning which has end-to-end authentication. This includes the entity where the mechanism is made to ensure about the valid users who can access to the WiMAX network. With this, there is a use of the service providers where the access control is based on the dial up modems (Alamifar et al. 2016). Security challenges for any two examples of WPAN technologies The Bluetooth network vulnerabilities are the disclosure threat, integrity threat and the denial of service threat where the users are blocked to get the access to a service by either handling the unavailability or severely limiting the availability. The security is important with handling the transmission of the architecture that needs a consistent upgradation with preventing any new threats. The Bluetooth devices generally are exposed to the malicious threats at the time of pairing with the other device. The weakness is mainly due to the flaws which are related to the establishment of the key protocol and handling the devices to pair with the focus on the performance and pairing (Kaur Sharma, 2016). The issues with the ZigBee are the attacks which are related to the industry security professionals and the physical attacks, key and the replay of the injection attacks. The attacker can easily gain the physical access to the device which includes the attacks so that it is effective to interact physically. With this, there other issues of the utilisation of the remote means to obtain the encryption keys. The key attacks are for the security and the ease of updating. Read the following two research papers and comment The research is about the wide deployment in the Internet of Things, Cyber Physical Systems and the other emerging areas. The taxonomy of the different energy resources could be to handle the potential with the maximisation of the energy harvested. The identification of the different challenges is related to addressing the development of the cost effectiveness, efficiency and the reliable energy harvesting systems. This also includes the details discussion and the evaluation based on the vibration harvester, thermal and the wind harvester as well. The energy harvesting the wireless communication includes the information theoretic performance which limits to the transmission of the scheduling policies and the resource allocation. Through this, the focus is on cooperation aspects and the simultaneous energy matters. The goal of the paper is to focus on thee energy harvesting the wireless communications with the new dimensions set for the intermittency and the randomness. The focus is on the summarising of the effects with the self-sufficiency and the perpetual operations. This is important to handle the control where the number of operations are set other than the transmissions that incur in the energy costs and the impact of performance. References Aalamifar, F., Lampe, L. (2016). Optimized WiMAX Profile Configuration for Smart Grid Communications.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. Gautam, A. K., Kumar, L., Kanaujia, B. K., Rambabu, K. (2016). Design of compact F-shaped slot triple-band antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications.IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,64(3), 1101-1105. Kaur, K., Sharma, A. (2016). Bandwidth-Aware Stochastic Uplink Scheduling in WIMAX Networks. Taheri, M. M. S., Abdipour, A., Pedersen, G. F. (2017, March). Compact penta band printed slot antenna for GSM, Bluetooth, WiMAX, 4G LTE, and WLAN applications. InAntennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 2017 11th European Conference on(pp. 2152-2154). IEEE.