The importance of international law to international traders Coursework

The importance of international law to international traders - Coursework Example However, recently the line existing between private and public international law has been very unpredictable. Even though both these laws are connected, many times in certain areas of activities conflicts and contradictions can normally arise. 1 International Law includes the basic, classic concepts of law in national legal systems - status, property, obligation, and tort (or delict). It also includes substantive law, procedure, process and remedies. International Law is rooted in acceptance by the nation states which constitute the system. International law is a crucial aspect in international trading and it is mainly concerned with cross border transactions. Since international traders are highly subjected to international trade laws and policies, they work in good collaboration with legal professionals and international trade consultants. 1 Cornell University of Law School. 2010. International Law. [ONLINE] Available at: http://topics. law.cornell .edu/wex/ International _ law. [A ccessed 18 February 11]. Legal theories and jurisprudential concepts in respect of international law The basic International legal system is the process of analyzing the practical workability of the international trade functions related to international policy, and the way in which the international law standards can increase the trade efficiencies .It primarily concentrates more on the usability of laws by the foreign policy makers rather than the exquisite content and exposure of it. International law, distinctively explains the way in which the international legal transactions work and the way in which the foreign organizations incorporate these law in their working system. International law policies and strategies controls trade dealings and avoids manipulation and exploitation in the international commercial activities. 2 For some thirty years international law has been isolated from the rest of the intellectual life by the necessities and distractions of the two world wars. As these early modernists told the history of their discipline , their predecessors, the classic scholars who were ideologically split in to two armies , had turned international law in to a battlefield. The real value of the international law policies is that it gives many areas for the traders and people to work on trade relations and transactions. It is a known fact that United Nations, being the promoter of peace, aim for the peace and tranquility in all the dealings occurring on global level. 3The main aim of the United Nations is the preservation of world peace. It is strongly believed that increased international trade, 2 .Pervis, N, 1991. Critical Legal Studies in Public International Law. Law Journal , 32/1, 81-89 3.J.W.T.Chan. 2007. Modern Law for Global Commerce. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.uncitral.org/ pdf/english/congress/Chan.pdf. [Accessed 19 February 11]. Which carries with it the increasing interdependency of nations as well as greater and better interactions b etween the people of the world is a strong contributing factor to world peace. Thus the strong support by the United Nations to all initiatives that would remove obstacles to world trade, such as initiatives to harmonize or unify the rules of international tra

Free King Lear Essays: The Element of Disguise :: Essays on King Lear

King Lear - The Element of Disguise The play â€Å"King Lear† is, first of all, a play about kingship. Lear is a trusting king, every inch a king, who in his old age brings destruction to himself, certain persons in his own circle, and to his country. â€Å"King Lear† is a play which tears off the outer coverings of human character. Pious and innocent-seeming people who are villainous, are revealed in their true nature, and the similar is disclosed for what it is, as it works destruction. This is done in a world in which most men are constantly seeking their own advancement, a court where flatterers are always lurking, and in which a king should be constantly wary and careful to follow the advice of such honest men as Kent. Within the first two acts of â€Å"King Lear†, the element of disguise is established. The king's two daughters, Regan and Goneril, use flattery as a disguise. They conceal their true feelings, conspiring to take over the land. Goneril says: Sir, I love you more than word can weild the matter; Dearer then eyesight, space, and liberty; . . . Beyond all manner of so much I love you. (II 56-63) Regan speaks: I am made of the same metal as my sister, And prize me at her worth. In my true heart I find she names my very deed of love, Only she comes too short, that I profess Myself and enemy to all other joys Which the most precious square of sense possesses, And find I am alone felicitate In your dear Highness' love. (II72-80) Clearly, the daughters’ words are loaded with flattery. The third daughter, Cordelia, cannot wear the mask that the other two wear, "I love your Majesty According to my bond, no more nor less." (II 97-98) It is for this reason that Cordeila is banished from the kingdom. An obvious example of disguise is with the Earl of Kent, as he enters the play as Tom of Bedlam. Even though he was exiled from the kingdom, he has returned to protect Lear. His great loyalty to the king, forces Kent to risk his life in order to deceive Lear. Lear : What art thou? Kent : A very honest-hearted fellow, and as poor as the king. (I, IV, 18-20)

A case study on Padini Malaysia Essay

Introduction: In Malaysia Padini become the eyes catching brand in the most famous giant shopping mall. This brand also the most successful brand that I meet that can compete with the foreign same line brands like Giordano, Esprit, Elle and etc. From the minor focus group I did between my friends and relatives, surprisingly more than 90% of them thought that Padini is the foreign branded name like Esprit. Until I told them that actually Padini is the Malaysia local brand they also feel proud of this brand— Padini. Thus, Padini also has the history from the stretch until today so popular in the Malaysia consumers mind. Therefore, this is the reason why I chosen Padini as the brand that is MADE IN MALAYSIA to compete with other brands in Hong Kong to show that Malaysia Boleh! History: Padini began as a backend operation in Malaysia’s apparel industry, manufacturing, trading and supplying garments for retailers and distributors. Padini in Malaysia’s is a multibillion textiles and garment industry, a brand leader involved in the distribution and retail of its own fashion labels through 170 freestanding stores and in house outlet. It has also proudly carried the Made-in-Malaysia stamp abroad, with garment exports to Singapore, Thailand, Brunei and West Asia. The success of the company can be attributed to the prudence of it management and the commitment of its staff. Padini Products Range: Padini is mainly an integrated operation that controls its products – fashion  wear and accessories – from concept stage to manufacturing, merchandising and image marketing. Each brand represents a fashion philosophy; each philosophy covers a comprehensive range of products aimed at a targeted consumer. Brand image is strongly backed up by real value: quality, functionality and price. Padini Brands We address fashion-conscious consumers of both sexes and all ages through eight distinct brands: Padini Classic, Padini Authentic, PDI, P & Co, Seed, Miki House, and Rope. Vincci accessories have focused on the fast changing tastes of woman consumers, and Seed Cafe opens an exciting new dimension in food operations for the company. Padini’s New Stores The company is on the expansion trail, with new stores targeted in the immediate future for Ampang Point, Prangin Mall Penang, Jusco Maluri and IOI Mall. The Padini Mega Store in Johor Baru confirms the company’s reputation as a visionary leader in fashion retail. The 12,000 sq ft store consolidates all its brands under one roof for a total experience in shopping for clothes. In The Pipeline Padini will maintain and increase its leadership position in Malaysia’s fashion industry through various strategies. New brands and increased product diversity are key expansion policies. The company will continue to upgrade the image of its products while emphasising value and quality. Vincci is the company’s successful toehold in the lucrative but competitive women’s footwear market. There are plans to strengthen its dominant position with improved production lines and increased capacity. Having successfully etched its brand names into the consciousness of Malaysian consumers, Padini is moving to turn its various labels into regionally recognised fashion  leaders. It intends to fulfil the potential of the export market, especially in the Asean region, and will also step up overseas marketing for its products. Image Activities Padini recognises the value of advertising and promotions in enhancing the presence and leadership of its brands. It participates in:*Magazine Advertising (Female, Nuyou, Eh!, Cleo, Marie Claire, FHM, New Tide and Cittabella) *Cinema Advertising (Tanjong Golden Village, Mega and Pavillion) Blow-up posters at key freestanding stores, banners and fashion shows have all contributed to Padini’s complete lifestyle message. Vision The vision shared by everyone in Padini is to be the market leader in the retail industry. We are committed to achieving this goal through hard work, discipline and creative endeavour. Currently, Padini Holdings is consolidating its operations in order to be even more streamlined. In the long terms, we will continue to maintain our high standard of design and manufacturing quality as well as affordability. We are also working towards expanding the business on a regional basis. At present, we have a growing presence in our neighbouring countries, and we believe that there is great scope for growth. Environmental scanning towards country chosen: Marketing in different countries around the world are depending to many influences. It is possible to identify those influences in order to understand the market thoroughly. The development of successful international marketing strategies is based on an effective understanding of the similarity and differences that exist in the countries around the world. Padini are concerned with international markets need to be aware of the variety market contemplations relevant to their operations. Especially Padini only has limited exposure to international markets. Padini also lack of experiences toward the totally differences culture, geographically and other PEST factors countries like Hong Kong and Taiwan. The countries that Padini recently built their brand identity are Singapore, Thailand and Brunei. Therefore, in this assignment I plan to develop this domestic brand —-Padini in Hong Kong. Although it is full of challenge built this domestic brand in this full of stiff competition country. At the same time, Padini also will face a lot of the new problems like how to manage the four seasonal stocks keeping, design, 4p’s and etc. But, if Padini can overcome the problems and successfully built the brand image like Giordano, in the future Padini also can develop their brand in Japan, Middle East, Pakistan and etc. It is because Giordano already successfully open their outlets around the world, amazingly Giordano able to open 50 outlets in Middle East. Thus, in order to eliminate the problems we must scan the environment thoroughly. Buyer behaviour In international marketing the type of buyer behaviour must be matched to market considerations. Thus, Padini must understand the Hong Kong consumers buying behaviour towards fashion. The type of consumer buying behaviour varies according to the type of buying decision. The main influences relate to the differences between the brands available to the consumer and the degree of personal involvement decision. Buying process is relatively quick because of the limited differences between brands (it means the brands that have parallel image like Bossini, Giordano, Elle and etc) But not included high price brands like Guess, Calvin Klein (CK), Gucci and etc. It also under low involvement, low price compare to  Gucci and low risk group. Thus, consumers will always make their quick and fast decision when purchase Padini products. Therefore, if Padini enter into Hong Kong market, in the future Padini will become the potential brand in international market. Culture The difference of culture in international marketing is thoughtful. It is an obvious source of difference. Some easy to manage but some the other ways round. Culture is difficult to define precisely. It is the way, which people live together in a society, it also can influence by religion, education, family and reference groups. In Hong Kong the Hongkee are very concern about their personal image, especially the younger generation. They are willing to spend the money to make-up themselves and never think about the saving. Padini will has a competitive advantage in fashion market it is because nowadays the trend for the fashion will change so aggressively. Padini still can keep the cost low production because Padini is the backend operation apparel industry. Padini also can eliminate the culture problem in Hong Kong it is because the culture between Malaysia Chinese and Hong Kong are quite similar. It is because the Malaysian had influenced by Hong Kong culture through broadcast and media since we had our television. Politic factors The legal system operating within a host country is an important environmental influence for international marketers. Fortunately Padini products are the simple ordinary consumer products. But, the following areas in which international marketing management will be concerned to understand the legal position. Contracts for the supply and delivery of goods and services The registration and enforcement of trademarks, brand names, labelling Patents;Marketing communications;Pricing ;Product safety, acceptability and environmental issues Hong Kong is a free port and the financial hub in Asia. In Hong Kong the politic is stable compare to a lot of other countries. Therefore, it is the time to develop the brand in that country. Economic factors Countries can be classified in a variety of ways. Most classifications are based on national income and degree of industrialisation. Hong Kong GDP per capita in excess of $ 3000. The market size and growth is encouraged, it is because Giordano can open the more than 50 outlets in Hong Kong within a years. Thus, the demand will very impressive if Padini fashion can really suit the taste of the Hongkee. Competitive factors Stiff competition sure will occur in Hong Kong market, but Padini brand image is strongly backed up by real value: quality, functionality and price. In Michael Porter’s five forces the important forces that can affect Padini in Hong Kong is the rivalry between the competitors and customers. The others like substitutes, supplier and new entrant will be the second consideration. How to develop brand image 3.0 Symbols Buyers respond differently to company and brand images. The primary way to account for NIKE. NIKE succeeded in convincing millions of young consumers that shoe is not simply the shoe, it’s an attitude. Padini should also need to acquire this influence power in consumers’ mind. 3.1Media/ Advertising Padini in Malaysia is the popular brand in consumers mind. If Padini wish to develop the brand image in the Hong Kong consumers mind it not so easy. Therefore, Padini should appear in the most popular Hong Kong magazine. Apart from it, Padini also can give the post card brochures to customers to increase the brand awareness. On top of that, Padini might engage in programmes that broadcast the fashion shows around the clock or 24 hours in the Specially formulated Fashion Channel in the satellite TV. 3.2:Events/ product endorsement A company can build an identity through the events it sponsors. Every one know that Hong Kong TV programmes is attractive, consumers like to watch TV at the same time they also like to take the actor or actress as their image role model. Thus, if Padini can successfully sponsor the costume to the actor or actress in some soup opera or TV programmes. Padini brand will become more popular. These role models can conduct fan club activities featuring autography session and all these product endorsers are wearing Padini outfits. When Padini develop their brand in Hong Kong it still need to choose the appropriate media to promote their brand and products. Thus, Padini can take part in their fashion show. For example, every month in Hong Kong most popular shopping centre â€Å"TIME SQUARE† will conduct the fashion show. At the same time, a lot of the famous actors and actresses will come to give the comment toward the model, designer and the fashion they wear. If Padini  product also can be chosen by the famous actor or actress as their brand I feel that Padini will has the bright future in Hong Kong. 3.3: Atmosphere The physical space occupied by the company is another powerful image generators. For example, in Hong Kong DKNY developed a distinctive image through its outlets. When you enter in you will feel enter into star trek space ship. Thus, Padini need to survey how the competitors outlets interior design, layout, colour and furnishings in order to match the taste of the customers. If not, the consumers will project the brand is the inferior brand because of the outlets. How to maintain the brand equity—– ICEBERG MODEL Padini also need to plan how to maintain the brand equity, actually maintain the brand equity is difficulty as develop the brand. A brand is what the customer buys. But, the equity is the marketing asset that exists in the customer’s mind. Brands must be holistically integrated to meet target needs. For example in the Iceberg model the brand with nothing below the waterline lacks depth and sustainability. Thus it will not last for a long period of time. Actually Padini must always take care of their stakeholders. Padini should not only aim for maximising the profit and abandon the employees and other shareholders feeling. The best employees will generate the empire for the company if they sincere to their company. They will feel proud to be the members of the company. On the other hand, if the company squeeze them lack of motivation to them, sooner or later they will try to  destroy the brand of the company. How to be a social responsible brand Nowadays the global marketer concern about environmental issues and social responsible. Padini also can take this opportunity to develop their brand in consumers mind. Padini can do some promotion for example, if the customers purchase their products and keep their recycle bag for next time shopping use in Padini outlet they will deduct 10 cents for the environment charity group. It is because Padini can cultivate the customers to become more environmental friendly and Padini also can save their cost. At the same time, if everyone in Time Square carries Padini Bag, the other will be curious and wish to be part of the culture too. Therefore, the bag should have the serial number therefore the retailers only can proof the bag is old. From the serial number, Padini also can motivate the customers in the better way by offering them the lucky draw in every month to win the Padini products like belt, tee- shirt, vouchers and etc. Padini is the manufactures they have high technology in dyeing the material. At the same time, Padini also can tell the consumers that they very concern the environment pollution issues. Conclusion—- Long Term Strategy Padini also need to do the internal and external audit to strengthen the position in the international market. To do the audit the first step should do by Padini is to benchmarking with their strategy group competitors. The following picture is some example how to maintain the advertisement quality, outlets atmosphere, models, design and brand image compare with the competitors. Therefore, Padini also need to employ some of the foreign designer to pump in  some new blood in their new innovate design or pattern. Padini also need to provide some training to their stuffs to enhance skill and knowledge. As we know that world change aggressively, competitors have born everyday. If we cannot plan to create the value chain to the company, the company will hard to survive prosperity.

Capital Punishment Should Be Abolished - 1444 Words

The political issue that I choose is capital punishment. There are pretty much the same number of reasons why capital punishment should be nullified as there are reasons why we require it. It is a complex issue and it is practically impossible to point to any single argument as the most important. Overall 140 countries have now stopped using capital punishment. America s continued use of the death penalty just profiles us as a fierce and wrathful country and keeps us in the same class as Iran, North Korea and China who still practice and advocate capital punishment. Evidence: Society needs to change the eye for an eye mindset in order for civilization to advance past the revenge philosophy that leads to an unending cycle of violence (ACLU, 2012). The American Civil Liberties Union (2012) says that death penalty is an infringement of common freedoms and conflicts with everything that our democratic based framework stands for. The death penalty system in the United States is applied in an unfair manner against people based on how much money they have and the race of the victim (ACLU, 2012). African Americans are more likely to be executed than white individuals, especially if their victim was white (ACLU, 2012). The death penalty is uncivilized and unfair in practice and life in prison is a better form of discipline and a much more effective deterrent in preventing crime (ACLU, 2012). A life in prison involves the punishment to go on for decades, becauseShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished965 Words   |  4 PagesHaesemeyer Advanced Studies English 9 7 April 2017 Capital Punishment Over the centuries, capital punishment has fallen in and out of public support. In several countries, the practice has been overruled by law. In others, it is simply not exercised. More than half of U.S. states still practice capital punishment for capital crimes. Often, innocent people are sentenced to death because of circumstantial evidence. Capital punishment should be abolished in all fifty U.S. states because of the severalRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Not Be Abolished1541 Words   |  7 Pagestime, if a person committed a severe crime, like murder or rape, they were executed to maintain peace in the community and to bring comfort to those who knew the victim. Capital punishment has been used in almost every part of the world, but in the last few decades many countries have abolished it. The issue of capital punishment has been a sensitive topic for nations attempting a careful balancing act between prisoner’s rights and legal defense teams and society’s la ws on cases of extreme gravityRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Not Be Abolished901 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment (â€Å"Capital Punishment in the United States†). Capital punishment is being debated all over the world whether it is murder or justice for the crime they have committed. Statistics show that murderers often kill again after releasement from prison. The Bureau of Justice gives relevant statistics pertaining to murderers who were released from prison: in 1994 40.7% of murderers were arrested for a new crime within three years of release (United States Department of Justice). Capital punishment shouldRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished1115 Words   |  5 Pagesjail time, house arrest, and/or having to pay fines. Crimes that are severe can lead to greater punishment, like spending life in prison. The most severe crimes can lead one to an equally severe punishment known as capital punishment. Capital punishment is the authorization to kill someone fo r the crime he or she has committed. Capital punishment, commonly referred to as the death penalty, should be abolished in all states because it can put innocent lives at risk, it costs millions of dollars each yearRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Not Be Abolished750 Words   |  3 PagesCapital Punishment Should Not be Abolished There are many reasons why the United States of America keeps capital punishment. These reasons include the deterrence theory, the idea of retribution, cost of prisons, and general safety of the public. First of all, I’m sure that you have heard of the deterrence theory. Deterrence is basically the fear of punishment; and even though it doesn’t prevent all crimes, the results are still undeniable. The deterrence theory is when criminals thinkRead MoreCapital Punishment Should be Abolished883 Words   |  4 Pages Capital punishment is the punishment of death for a crime given by the state. It is used for a variety of crimes such as murder, drug trafficking and treason. Many countries also have the death penalty for sexual crimes such as rape, incest and adultery. The lethal injection, the electric chair, hanging and stoning are all methods of execution used throughout the world. Capital punishment has been around since ancient times; it was used in ancient Rome, and one of the most famous people to be crucifiedRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe case for capital punishment Topic: why capital punishment should continue General purpose: To argue Specific purpose: my main aim is to convince the audience that capital punishment should be upheld. In other, the advantages of capital punishment outweigh its disadvantages. Introduction Capital punishment is also known as death penalty and it has been in existence since time immemorial. Throughout history, the death penalty has been used to punish a number of crimes that include murderRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished1955 Words   |  8 Pagesit has become apparent that capital punishment should be abolished worldwide. Around the world, various countries continue to practice this brash, inhumane punishment. The legal system is intended to regulate citizen’s behaviour which aims to provide a smooth functioning society. When someone is sentenced to death, the legal system loses the â€Å"fair† aspect of the proceedings, as under no circumstances is the death penalty â€Å"fair†. Capital punishment should be abolished because it violates Section 12Read MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished1135 Words   |  5 Pagesname -unknown. Nobody should ever have to hear these words. Especially coming from their own state the one that is supposed to protect their rights no matter what. Capital punishment should be abolished from the United States. The number one goal of the constitution is to protect the life of an individual and the death penalty passes by this. The death penalty is an easy way out of the crime, it is expensive, philosophers and even psychologists disagree with capital punishment and most important itRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesApproaching the topic of capital punishment is difficult when looking at society as a whole. In the opinion stated by my class group, capital punishment should be entirely abolished due to the possibility of mistakes while sentencing. This idea relies on the basis that capital punishment has absolutely no purpose or benefit. Members of my group mistakenly used a utilitarianist point of view to argue their case, even though this view can be stretched to fit almost any argument. This paper will explore